Sunday, March 1, 2015

The Eastern Front in World War Two: Germany vs The Soviet Union (Excerpt from "Flash of the Sun")







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... It was during this lull in fighting on the Western Front that he deepened his interest in the developments of the war on the Eastern Front. He was initially shocked when he pried and found out that Germany had been committing about two-thirds of its forces against the Soviet Union throughout the war and that most of the German casualties in the war came from the brutal battles fought against the Soviet Red Army. Further information revealed the enormous price the Soviet Union had paid and was still paying in materials and human lives, especially during the early stages of the war.

It soon became evident to him that the much-talked-about assistance the Soviets received from their American and British allies was overrated and that the Russians and their other fellow Soviet compatriots had managed, mostly on their own, to build a formidable war machine and a military-industrial complex that was not only baffling the retreating German Army in the East, but that was also intriguing the Allied powers in the West. However, he didn’t have enough reasons to be optimistic about the authenticity of the information he was getting from the newspapers and journals reporting Soviet military advances in the east against the retreating German Army, reports spelling out the recovery of territories they had lost in Belorussia, Ukraine, and Moldavia. He learned with misgivings that further Soviet offensives had forced German troops out of Eastern Poland and Eastern Romania, sparking off local uprisings in Poland and Southern Czechoslovakia, as well as coup d’états that brought down the pro-Nazi regimes in Romania and Bulgaria. When he found out that the advance of Soviet troops into Yugoslavia had forced the Germans to withdraw their troops from Albania, Greece, and Yugoslavia, he knew that the Soviet Union that his patron Joseph Nana Njike had talked to him about with guarded respect had truly arrived at the world stage as a superpower or military force to reckon with.

 The last month of the year was the time it dawned on him that there would be a race between the Western Powers and the Soviet Union about who would get to Berlin first. Also, he could not dispel a gnawing feeling that the retreating German troops would likely capitulate to the Western forces rather than surrender to the Soviets and their new Eastern European allies. That meant one thing only—the war was virtually over for them, and he was less likely to die from the impending campaign to overrun Germany and kick the Nazis out of power there.

So, when news reached him too in mid-December 1944, reporting a major German offensive through the Ardennes region that formed the borders of Belgium, France, and Luxembourg, he was shocked, if not unprepared for it. He followed with puzzlement the news of German advances, of Allied counteroffensives, of German counterattacks, of the massacre the Germans committed against Allied prisoners at Malmedy, of the retaliatory massacre of sixty German prisoners of war by American troops close to the Belgian village of Chenogne on New Year's Day 1945, and of the return to what were the pre-offensive battle lines in the middle of January 1945. He kept abreast of those developments and the halt to the German advance in the north of France, even as he battled with the 1st Division in conjunction with other Allied troops against the Germans in Alsace. But the fighting was low-key until the German 19th Army launched an offensive in late January 1945, forcing them to pay a very high price while defending the area south of Strasbourg.

It was during the battle that he was wounded in the right shoulder and his left leg as he tried to rescue a wounded French soldier who had been lying exposed on the ground for several minutes while crackles of rifle fire rang in the air. The fact that he got shot after he hefted the guy on his shoulder and started running with him back to his former safe position behind a concrete wall, made him a war hero of some sort that the military brass could not afford to ignore.  Some members of his squad told him afterwards that the shots were fired by a sharpshooter, probably a German sniper, but to him, it did not matter who the person was who knocked him out of the battle. What he found important in the whole episode was the fact that it marked the end of the war for him since the French Army sent him to Toulouse to convalesce in the military hospital there. When Marcel pointed out the irony of his situation on a visit by joking that he almost died saving a communist, he did not think it was funny at all because he thought he was only trying to save a man who did not deserve to die at a time when all the warring parties fully knew the war’s outcome. Marcel told him the name of the fellow he rescued, but all he remembered afterwards was that the guy’s first name happened to be Jean-Pierre.

So, when a young soldier clicked his boots by his hospital bedside one late morning, snapped a military salute, announced his name, and then told him that a certain Captain Ribery wanted to see him, he had no idea who the person was. He acceded to the request, all the same, only to see Jean-Pierre approach his hospital bed with slightly hesitant steps. The Frenchman thanked him for saving his life, apologized for the fact that he almost got killed in the process for his sake and then wished him a speedy recovery. However, he did so with eyes and lips that were twitching in a manner that gave him a funny appearance. All the same, the Frenchman’s strange behavior did not stop him from accepting his kind words, even though he could not help wondering what could be wrong with the intriguing Frenchman whose life he saved from German gunfire.

“Are you all right?” he finally asked Jean-Pierre with dimmed eyes and a gentle voice.

“I am fine, as you can see. I can move around, unlike you. My injuries were insignificant―just minor wounds―I would say. I was mostly shell-shocked; that was all. Thanks again for saving my life. The bullets you took were certainly meant for me.”

“That’s nothing. I had your back, and I am sure you would have done the same for me.”

“You think so?”

“Uh-huh! Also, seeing the way you twitched not long ago made me think something else was wrong.”

“Can’t you figure that out?”

“Figure what out?”

“That I hate you?”

“You don’t hate me.”

“I hate you because I betrayed you already.”

“No, you didn’t betray me at all. You didn’t shoot me.”

“You don’t understand. I betrayed you all right. I hated you before, perhaps because I subconsciously knew you were a better person fighting a war that is not yours to fight, risking your life to free my country, France that I love so much, and doing all of that for no material benefits. Or perhaps I hate you because I thought you were doing so with people whose ideology I do not share. Now, I don’t know.”

“What are you talking about?”

“Look, I have come to see the depth of your being, and now I know that you are truly a good person. Still, I hate you because the deeper I get to know you, the greater my awareness of my shortcomings. So, I try to give a negative meaning to everything you say and do and then try to convince myself afterwards that I was right in my impression of you when we first met or the way I treated you afterwards. It makes me sane that way; it gives me a sense of worthiness and convinces me that I am doing the right thing by betraying you.”

“How did you treat me?”

“Badly, I guess. One thing for sure is that I ignored you. I think I even turned my nose up at you the way some of our ignorant soldiers do. I was in the Resistance, but I failed to embrace you guys from Africa. I think I even allowed myself to think like many of the others who joined the fight recently. I behaved like an ignoramus.”

“I still don’t get what you are talking about. I don’t see how the things you have been saying about yourself tantamount to a betrayal of me or any of my folks from Africa.”

“I hated you Africans for working with them.”

“Working with whom?”

“The Fascists. Why do you serve people who don’t respect you as normal people do to other human beings; why do you risk your lives for people who were Vichy and Nazi supporters yesterday, but who today pretend to be supporters of universal human rights? I can’t understand why you guys put your lives on the line; I can’t understand why you Africans abandoned your families and dishonor your people for someone like De Gaulle who thinks you are uncivilized and need nurturing, for someone like him who thinks with a twisted conviction that it is our place to determine the type of development you need. He thinks you have no right to aspire for development out of the French empire or as an autonomous entity. Didn’t you get the position the right-wing took during the Brazzaville Conference last January?”

“Not really.”

“Why are you and your people aspiring to be subservient all your lives to people who do not have your interest at heart? I say so because my parents whose footsteps I have been trying to follow the past couple of years worked all their lives to convince the Right in France to pay some respect to the rights and dignity of France’s colonial subjects.”

He was pensive for a moment, staring sightlessly at Jean-Pierre before he finally understood where the left-wing Frenchman was coming from. A sudden and inexplicable emotion gripped him so that he propped up in bed out of an impulse and gave Jean-Pierre his hand again for a shake. The Frenchman smiled with him when he took it and brought it up and down repeatedly.

“I see you are a good man. I respect you for sharing your deep feelings with me. Now, this is what I have to say about myself. I joined the war to fight against Nazism and Fascism because I thought and still think that they are a curse to humanity. I joined your war because I believe I am fighting for humanity. I am nobody’s lap dog. I am nobody’s stooge. The war is over for me.”

“Are you serious?”

“Uh-huh! I want to go home to my wife and children. I will return home to my people; I will find my way back to Kamerun and dedicate the rest of my life to teaching young children to improve their lot in life, to know what is right and what is wrong, and to know what they need to do for the sake of bettering their lives and the lives of those around them; I will return to my homeland and try to be someone like your father and your mother.”

When Jean-Pierre bent over and embraced him on the bed in an emotional display that he didn’t see coming, he was truly taken aback. The Frenchman did so muttering incoherently for a couple of seconds. Then he pulled back like a man who suddenly realized he just acted awkwardly. He looked momentarily embarrassed, but then a smile emerged on his face as if a clever thought just crossed his mind that he thought would be fun to share. “You are not like the others,” he said, nodding.

“What do you mean?” he asked Jean-Pierre with quizzical eyes.

“I mean the other soldiers who are from Africa just like you?”

“Whom are you talking about?”

“I mean the others who want to go back to their homelands as evolues; I mean the others who are prepared to serve the interest of the right-wingers for the handouts that those men are dangling as baits to make the people of French Africa give up their heritage; I mean compatriots of yours who are prepared to play the roles of glorified Nazi Kapos.”

“I said I am for humanity.”

Jean-Pierre’s response was a nod and the dimming of his eyebrows. “Then I am glad you saved my life; I am sorry for behaving in a disturbing manner, and I would be honored to have someone like you as a friend. And I think my parents too will be honored to have you as a guest. Would you mind meeting them someday?”

He always remembered with a smile how he told Jean-Pierre he would be happy to know his parents and then urged him to take a seat. With amused fascination, they talked of the war, French history, and politics. It was after a moment of trust-building that Jean-Pierre told him the story of his family....




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